Glossary of Key Terms 核心词汇表

Salvation 救恩 — God rescuing a sinner from the penalty of sin through faith in Christ. A finished gift received at a moment in time, not earned.

Discipleship 作门徒 / 门徒训练 — The lifelong, daily walk of learning to follow and become like Jesus. Begins at salvation but unfolds across a whole life.

Justification 称义 — God's legal declaration: He forgives the sinner's debt and counts them righteous, on the basis of Christ. Salvation's past tense.

Sanctification 成圣 — The Holy Spirit's lifelong work of changing a believer's daily behaviour, breaking sin's control. Salvation's present, ongoing tense.

Glorification 得荣耀 — Final perfection: the believer receives a sinless body and is freed from sin's very presence. Salvation's future tense.

Grace 恩典 — God's favour given freely, not earned. Salvation is by grace through faith (Eph 2:8-9), and growth happens by grace too (2 Pet 3:18).

Lord 主 — Master, the one with authority. To call Jesus Lord is to hand Him the deciding say over every part of life, not only to receive Him as Saviour.

Saviour 救主 — The one who rescues from sin and its penalty. Jesus as Saviour saves us; Jesus as Lord governs us. Both belong to every disciple.

Surrender 交托 / 降服 — Deliberately handing control of a part of life to Christ. Not a one-time act but a daily choice (Luke 9:23).

Living sacrifice 活祭 — Paul's image (Rom 12:1) for a life continually offered to God. The challenge is that it keeps crawling off the altar.

Obedience 顺从 / 顺服 — Acting on what God has said, not merely knowing it. The practical proof of love for Christ (John 14:21).

Sin 罪 — Any falling short of God's character and law. As a power it no longer rules the believer (Rom 6); as a presence it remains until glory.

Flesh 肉体 / 血气 — Human nature lived on its own terms, independent of God. Its desires oppose the Spirit (Gal 5:17).

The flesh / Spirit contrast 肉体与圣灵相争 — Two operating systems for a believer's choices. Walking by the Spirit is the alternative to obeying the flesh (Gal 5:16).

Spirit-filled 被圣灵充满 — Being governed and empowered by the Holy Spirit in thoughts, decisions, and actions. In this series: a matter of control and daily walk, not emotional experience or special signs (Eph 5:18).

Walk by the Spirit 顺圣灵而行 — Making daily decisions under the Spirit's guidance rather than the flesh's. Continuous, step by step (Gal 5:16).

Fruit of the Spirit 圣灵的果子 — Love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control (Gal 5:22-23). Supernatural results of being filled, not natural personality traits.

Spiritual breathing 属灵呼吸 — A personal practice of exhaling (confessing sin, releasing control) and inhaling (asking the Spirit to fill and control), based on 1 John 1:9 and Eph 5:18.

The Word 主道 / 神的话 — Scripture, the written revelation of God. Daily bread, lamp, and sword. The Spirit fills us through the Word.

Prayer 祷告 — The believer's communication with the Father: dependence, gratitude, and surrender. A two-way relationship, not a performance.

Witnessing 作见证 — The outward flow of inward transformation. A disciple lets Christ's light show through word and deed (Matt 5:16).

Sermon on the Mount 登山宝训 — Jesus' core ethical teaching in Matthew 5-7. Not suggestions for the elite but the blueprint for every disciple.

Promise 应许 — God's declaration of something He commits to do. Rests on His character, so it cannot fail.

Claim a promise 凭信心抓住应许 — To take hold of a promise, believe it applies to you, and act accordingly. A promise does nothing unclaimed.

Faith 信心 — Trust in God's word: not feeling, not evidence, but settled conviction that God will do what He said.

Condition 条件 — Some promises (e.g. Joshua 1:8) carry conditions such as obedience or meditation. A promise is claimed according to its conditions, not automatically.